Glossary

This course assumes a general understanding of the following terms (sorted alphabetically):

Anycast	Anycast is a system which allows multiple Servers to use a single IP Address. Whenever a Client requests a connection, the system routes it to the most available Server, typically the closest or least congested one.
Client	A Client is any computer on the Internet which requests data or other resources from a Server. It uses Domains and DNS to facilitate this connection.
DDoS	Distributed Denial of Service (or DDoS for short) is a common type of cyber attack, where a large number of devices from around the world send requests to a Server in an attempt to overwhelm it. Unicast solutions are especially vulnerable to these.
DNS	The Domain Name System (DNS for short) translates human-readable Domains into computer-readable IP Addresses using a system of records. Sometimes, it can also store other information, such as various Domain settings or verification data. DNS is often handled by Domain Registrars or Hosting providers, which provide specialized Servers for DNS lookup.
Domain	An Internet Domain is a human-readable name for services on the Internet. It typically consists of two or more dot-separated parts, the last of which is called Top-Level Domain (or TLD for short). For example, `wedos.global` and `learn.wedos.global` are both domains, with `.global` being the TLD. Every domain requires DNS to operate.
Hosting	Renting an Internet service, such as web, email, or custom Server.
IP Address	A special number assigned to a single device (Unicast) or an entire system (Anycast) on the Internet. DNS uses these numbers to assign Domains to the corresponding Servers.
Internet	The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers (Clients and Servers) that communicate using standardized protocols to share information and services. It enables access to websites, email, file sharing, and other online resources.
Point of Presence	A Point of Prefence (POP for short) is a physical location where Anycast Servers are located.
Proxy	A special Server interposed between the Client and target (typically) web Server. Its role is typically to filter traffic, including DDoS attacks, and cache content. Proxy servers are an important part of the WEDOS.global Anycast system.
Registrar	An entity mediating the purchase of Domains between physical or legal persons and designated domain registries. Registrars also typically provide DNS services.
Server	A powerful computer connected to the Internet. It typically serves a special purpose, such as serving web pages or emails. Domains use DNS to guide Clients to Servers.
Unicast	Unicast is the traditional system, where a single IP Address is assigned to a single Server. This makes the computer vulnerable to large-scale DDoS attacks.